AIM : How is solubility determined?

Molecular Compounds
- Follow the "like dissolves like" rule, meaning that polar compounds will dissolve polar compounds and nonpolar compounds will dissolve nonpolar compounds
- The solute and solvent need to have similar bonds to mix

Ionic Compounds have a set of rules that can be found in TABLE F of the reference tables:


-This side of the table has ions that are SOLUBLE on the left    - This side of the table has ions that are INSOLUBLE on the left
  and exceptions to the solubility rules on the right                         and exceptions to the insolubility rules on the right
ex. halide cmpds are soluble except when it is a silver, lead          ex. carbonate compounds are insoluble except when combined with a Group 1                  
or mercury halide (FeCl₂ is soluble but AgCl is insoluble)                   ion or NH4+ ion  (CuCO3 is insoluble but (NH₄)₂CO₃ is soluble)

SOLUBILITY CURVE
- The solubility curve traces the solubility of a substance over a range of temperatures
- The solubility curve helps identify a known solution as saturated or unsaturated


Questions
1) Which salt is least soluble at 20^oC?
        -ANS = KClO₃
- To find the least soluble substance at a given temperature we follow the temperature line up and the first substance curve we hit is the least soluble.
   For most soluble it is the same proceedure except the last substance curve hit is the most soluble.

2) At 40^oC how much KNO₃ can be dissolved in 100g of H₂O?
        -ANS = about 42gKNO₃