My research in Barcelona began in Fall 2004 supported by a Fulbright Fellowship. Research consisted of a matched guise experiment and ethnography in Barcelona attitudes and choice of young Catalonians, including new immigrants to the bilingual situation there.

One paper, "Normalizing Bilingualism," written with Mireia Trenchs Parera of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Shukhan Ng, a doctoral student in the Linguistics Program at the CUNY Graduate Center, is published at the Journal of Sociolinguistics.

Another with Mireia Trenchs alone, "Diversity of language ideologies in Spanish-speaking youth of different origins in Catalonia" is at the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.

In both papers we develop the opposing language ideologies of linguistic cosmopolitanism and linguistic parochialism. Linguistic cosmopoltanism connects bi- or multilingualism with a larger ideology supportive of crossing ethnic and national boundaries and emphasizes social identity as an individual characteristic more than group loyalty. Linguistic Parochialism maintains a close connection between language and group identity and loyalty.