Our analytical model predicts the recirculation on the leeward side of a forested hill (Wang and Yi, 2012)

Wang, W. and C. Yi, A new nonlinear analytical model for canopy flow over a forested hill, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-012-0599-9, 2012.

PPT

PPT

Xu, X., C. Yi, the influence of geometry on recirculation and co2 transport over forested hills, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, DOI: 10.1007/s00703-012-0224-6, 2012.

Yi-Hendrey group wants to measure these bubbles by setting up a two-tower system at Black Rock Forest

We will use the existing BRF tower on the hill top

Second tower delivered to BRF (Tree and George)

September 21 (Friday), 2012

Set up the slope-tower with helps from many people (see the names below)!

The team is on the way

Nir Krakauer, Eric Kutter, Kale Clauson, George Tsagalas, Christine Ramadhin, and Tree Yi

where is the broken point of the slope (second tower location)?

John Brady, Eric Kutter and Tree Yi are looking for

Carrying the 100-ft tower into position

John Brady, Ben Brady, Nir Krakauer, Kale Clauson, Wei Wang, Eric Kutter and Tree Yi

The tower must be perpendicular to the ground

Tree Yi, George Hendrey, Eric Kutter, Nir Krakauer, and George Tsagalas

Donna Gangadeen, Tim Eaton, Wei Wang, John Brady, Nir Krakauer, Eric Kutter, Kale Clauson, Tree Yi, Matt Munson, and George Hendrey

John Brady, Tim Eaton, Wei Wang, and George Hendrey

Tim Eaton, Eric Kutter, Wei Wang, Matt Munson, George Tsagalas, Ben Brady, Kale Clauson, Tree Yi, Nir Krakauer, and John Brady

Tree Yi, Donna Gangadeen, Wei Wang, Eric Kutter, George Tsagalas, George Hendrey, Christine Ramadhin, Kale Clauson, and Tim Eaton

George Tsaglasa, George Hendrey, Kale Clauson, Tree Yi

George Hendrey and Joe Oliva

George Hendrey was climbing the tower to fix some problems.

This is second tower

October 5 (Friday), 2012

Wenge led her team (Jing, Wei, and Christin) to measure leaf area density.

Wenge Ni-Meister and Christin Delgato were calibrating instrument Trac

Wenge Ni-Meister and Christin Delgato were measuring Leaf Area Index (LAI)

Jing Yuan and Wei Wang were measuring Leaf Area Density and tree heights

Kevin Clinton and Eric Kutter

October 21 (Sunday), 2012

George, Eric, Qianyu, and Tree discussed a work plan and prepared for tomorrow's work.

Qianyu, Eric, George, and Tree were discussing tower-system work tomorrow

Qianyu, Eric, and George were busy in preparation instruments in the lab for tomorrow's field work

October 22 (Monday), 2012

Eric, Qianyu, Wei, Kale, George and Tree worked on instrumental installation of the top-hill tower.

Black Rock Forest on October 22, 2012

Black Rock Forest on October 22, 2012

First test was to figure out how helmet can work

This is the top-hill tower (BRF fire tower)

Wei, Eric, George, Kale, and Qianyu

Eric and Qianyu were mounting 3D-sonics, data analyzer and othersat top level (23.3 m) on the top-tower

Wei Wang

Eric and Qianyu

Kale Clauson

Kale was working for connections between the tower and a generator

October 24 (Wednesday), 2012

George, Eric, Qianyu, Kale, Wei, and Tree worked on instrumental installation of fifth level on the slope-tower.

George, Eric, Qianyu, and Wei

Wei and Qianyu

This was Eric's first time to climb tower, being careful!

was Eric and George were ready to go

Eric started climbing and George was looking for more tools

Eric and George

Eric and George were fixing a pole on the tower to transport instruments up

Kale and Qianyu

Kale and Qianyu

Qianyu was checking accuracy

Qianyu, Kale, and Wei

Qianyu was watching and directed the procedures

Wei was cranking up the tower

Kale was climbing the tower

George was climbing the tower

George and Kale were mounting the 3D-sonic at the top level

George and Kale were mounting the 3D-sonic and Li-Cor at the top level

George and Kale were adjusting them in north direction

October 26 (Friday), 2012

George, Qianyu, Kale, and Tree worked on instrumental installation of fifth and fourth levels on the slope-tower, while Eric, Wei, Kevein worked on generators.

George and Qianyu

George was checking tools

Kale, George, and Tree

Qianyu, Wei, Kale, Tree, and George

Kale, Tree, George, and Qianyu

George, Kale, and Eric

Kale and George were discussing

George, Eric, and Kale

Tree, Kale, George, and Kevin

George and Kale were climbing the tower

George and Kale were working on the top level

George and Kale were working on the top level

George and Kale were working on the top level

George and Kale

George and Kale were coming down for lunch

Eric led a team (Kevin, Xiyan, Wei, and Eric) to setup connections between generators and towers

Cables and wires

Everybody was having lunch but Qianyu wanted to finish hub work before her lunch so that the tower work could be continuous after lunch

For preparation of today's work, Qianyu only had three hours sleep last night

Qianyu, Tree, and Kevin

Qianyu and Tree were moving something up to the tower

Qianyu, Tree, Eric, Kevin, and Wei

This was Tree's first time to climb tower, a little bit of panic.

Wei, Tree, Kale

Tree was climbing the tower

Kale and Tree were connected cables and wires to the 3D-sonic and Li-Cor

Kale and Tree were connected cables and wires to the 3D-sonic and Li-Cor

Kale and Tree were mounted the data loggers for the fourth level

Kale and Tree were mounted 3D-sonic  for the fourth level

Kale and Tree were mounted 3D-sonic  for the fourth level

This was the second Li-Cor for the fourth level

Kale and Tree

Kale was mounting data logger and Tree was connecting the Li-Cor

Kale and Tree

Kale and Tree

Kale and Tree started working for another level

November 1 (Thursday), 2012

Just after Sandy Hurricane and campus was still closed, Qianyu, Li, Kevin, Ning, Tim, and Tree came to crank tower, adjusted guy wires.

Tim, Qianyu, and Tree

Ning and Kevin, Tree and Tim

Tim, Qianyu, Kevin, Ning and Tree

Ning, Kevin, Tim and Tree

Kevin, Qianyu, Ning and Tree

Tree, Tim, Qianyu, Ning, and Kevin

Qianyu and Kevin

Tim and Tree

Tim, Qianyu, and Tree

Tim

Tim

Tim

Tim

Qianyu and Tree

Ning

Qianyu, Tree, and Tim

Qianyu and Tree

Qianyu and Ning

Kevin and Tree

Kevin and Tree

Ning, Kevin and Tree

Tim and Qianyu

Tim and Qianyu

Tim and Qianyu

Tim and Qianyu

Tim and Qianyu

November 2 (Friday), 2012

Qianyu, Kale, Kevin, and Tree cranked tower, adjusted guy wires, and completed instrumental installation of fourth, third, and second levels.

Kale, kevin, and Qianyu

Tree, Kale, and Kevin were adjusting guy wires

Tree, Kale, and Kevin were adjusting guy wires

Tree, Kale, and Kevin were adjusting guy wires

Sonics and Li-Cos were mounted on fifth and fourth levels

Tree was cranking up the tower to a final position 

Kale and Tree was working on fourth level for hub and boxes

Kale and Tree was working on fourth level for hub and boxes

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on third level  

Kale and Tree was working on third level

Kale and Tree was working on second level

Kale and Tree was working on second level

Kale and Tree was working on second level

Lowes four levels on the top-hill tower

3D-sonic and Li-Co on top level of the top-hill tower

Kevin was lifting instruments

November 5 (Monday), 2012

Qianyu worked on data logger, while Eric and Tree finished the instrumental installation of lowest level on the slope-tower as well as worked on generators.

Eric, Tree were working on lowest level of the slope-tower, while Qianyu was working on the data logger

Eric and Qianyu

Eric and Qianyu

Lunch time (very cold)

All five levels were done. Qianyu was working on datalogger

Eric was working on generator

It was complicated with so many cables and wires

Eric and Qianyu

November 6 (Tuesday), 2012

Qianyu and Eric were working on datalogger on the slope-tower, while George and Tree worked on generators.

George came with Eric, Qianyu, and Tree worked on generators after his class. Qianyu was working on data logger

George, Qianyu, Eric, and kids

George, Qianyu, and Eric

George

George and Tree were shopping in Home Depot

George found a solution to connect gas tank to generator

Eric was working on a data logger for 2D sonics

November 9 (Friday), 2012

Qianyu and Eric were working on datalogger on the slope-tower, while George and Tree worked on generators. November 7-8 were snowing.

Road was blocked due to students from Columbia University were doing biometric experiments

Qianyu

George was working on connection between a generator and a gas tank

Qianyu was working on data logger

This was a complicated work. There were so many instruments: five 3D sonics, five Li-Cos, eight temperature sensors and PAR and Net Radiation sensors

Only lowest level showed data, why the other level did not work?

Qianyu had climbed up and down the tower many times to solve the puzzle

Qianyu had climbed up and down the tower many times to solve the puzzle

Qianyu had climbed up and down the tower many times to solve the puzzle

Qianyu had climbed up and down the tower many times to solve the puzzle

Qianyu had climbed up and down the tower many times to solve the puzzle

Eric was checking which level was working

George, Bill Schuster and Bill's friend, and Eric

Qianyu and Eric (so far only one level could work)

November 10 (Saturday), 2012

Qianyu and Li were working on datalogger on the slope-tower, while George and Tree worked on generators. Eric was working on Li840 on the top-hill tower.

George was testing batteries. Qianyu was disconnecting/connecting wires on the tower, while Li was reading the responses of Qianyu's performance on the tower

Qianyu was disconnecting/connecting wires on the tower, while Li was reading the responses of Qianyu's performance on the tower

Qianyu was disconnecting/connecting wires on the tower, while Li was reading the responses of Qianyu's performance on the tower

The position of 3D sonic and Li-Co at the top level on the top-hill tower were changed by the Sandy hurricane. Eric and Tree moved them back to the right position.

Lunch time: Eric, Qianyu, and Li

Betsy, George, and Tree were walking to the top-hill tower and working on batteries and generators

Eric was working on Li840 on the top-hill tower

George was working on generator for the top-hill tower with Betsy

Qianyu was disconnecting/connecting wires on the tower, while Li was reading the responses of Qianyu's performance on the tower

Sonic and Li-Co on fifth level could work alone without connection to the all lower four levels. That was good news because it is dangerous to climb the top level of the tower

Qianyu was trying and testing level-by-level

George was working on battery, while Li was working with Qianyu for the testing

Sometime Qianyu was discussing with Heping at WSU

Li was reading the data logger with flashlight

Eric, George, and Li

Qianyu was testing from level to level

Finally, all levels could work at the same time

This was the most excited moment: Qianyu was smiling

This was the most excited moment: Qianyu and Li

This was the most excited moment: Tree, Qianyu, George, Betsy, and Eric

Li, Qianyu, and George as well as Betsy and Tree were going back to the BRF lodge to make dumpling to celebration

Qianyu wanted to bring the memory card to check the data in the lodge

George wanted to make sure that the batteries were working with Betsy

When some (Li, Betsy, Joan, and Tree) started making dumpling. Qianyu found some errors in the data logger and George and Qianyu went back to the tower

Li, Joan, and Eric were making dumpling

George was making garlic sauce, Betsy was cooking, Eric and Joan, Li and Tree were making dumpling

Joan, Li, and Eric

Betsy, Joan, and Li

Betsy was cooking dumpling, while Eric learned how to make a dumpling skin from Li

Celebration for all instruments on the slope-tower being able to work: George, Li, Qianyu, Joan, Oscar, Eric, and Betsy

Matt from BRF was invited to join our celebration by playing the liquor game with George and Tree

George and Betsy breakfasted in the morning of November 11, 2012

November 11 (Sunday), 2012

Qianyu and Li were working on datalogger on the top-hill tower, while George and Tree worked on generators.

Qianyu and Li were working on Li840 for CO2/H2O profile measurements

Qianyu and Li were working on Li840 for CO2/H2O profile measurements

Qianyu and Li were working on Li840 for CO2/H2O profile measurements

Tree

George was working on the generator (Honda)

George started the generator (Honda)

The generator (Honda) was smoking and dead. We bought three generators (Honda). Two of them were dead already.

George and Tree decided: (1) to buy one more generator as soon as possible; and (2) to try using one generator to support two towers.

George and Tree first went to Home Depot nearby to buy a new generator

Qianyu was checking the data logger for top level on the top-hill tower

The view of the slope-tower from the top-hill tower

The view of the top-hill tower

After George and Tree bought a new generator, they changed the wire system path into: a generator --> slope-tower --> top-hill tower. Due to the wires were short, they went to truevalue to buy one more 250 ft wires

Qianyu and Li had been working without lunch due to George and Tree had been very busy for shopping generator and wires

George, Qianyu and Li

Qianyu and Li

November 12 (Monday), 2012

Qianyu was working onLi840 on the top-hill tower, while George and Tree worked on generators.

Qianyu first checked the data collected by the slope-tower. All instruments were working on this tower though the generator (Honda) was dead

All instruments were working on this tower though the generator (Honda) was dead

Qianyu continued working on Li840

Qianyu continued working on Li840

Qianyu continued working on Li840

Third generator (Honda) was dead. We had to use the new generator we bought yesterday. George was reading the manual

George was reading the manual

George and Tree pulled the generator to the location

George quickly found a way to link the generator to the gas tank

It worked

George

George, Qianyu met a few visitors

Qianyu had worked there for almost whole day. It was very cold

George discussed with Qianyu about the solution for Li840's problem

Qianyu was calling Li840's company

George and Qianyu were discussing how to solve the problem in the trueValue store

November 13 (Tuesday), 2012

Qianyu and Eric came to BRF to fix Li840's problem on the top-hill tower, moved the gas tank from the tophill to the slope, and checked the generator.

November 14 (Wednesday), 2012

Qianyu, George, and Tree came to BRF to fix Li840's problem on the top-hill tower,  and filled gases for the generator.

We often bought sandwiches for lunches from here

We often bought sandwiches for lunches from here. This was last time

Lunch time

George drove his own car not departmental van

A teacher had a class there. George and Qianyu

Qianyu first checked the data

Qianyu was solving the Li840' problem

George was on the top of the fire tower

Tree was on the top of the fire tower

George and Qianyu were discussing solution

George breathed air to the tube to make a test

Not right

George wanted to do another test

George wanted to do another test

Not right! George decided to take the data logger back to QC lab to test

Sunset

Slope tower

Jing Yuan came with her husband (Haibo Liu) to make branch area density measurements

Haibo Liu took photos for branch area density measurements

George and Qianyu were working in the lab

Qianyu, Betsy, George, Li, and Tree all were in the lab

Qianyu, Betsy, George, Li, and Tree all were in the lab

Qianyu had worked till midnight, and Tree and Li gave her a ride

November 15 (Thursday), 2012

Qianyu fixed the Li840 problem last night. Eric and Qianyu came to setup the data logger for LI840.

November 16 (Friday), 2012

Due to hunting season started on November 17, all intruments must be taken down today.  George, Tim, Tree, Qianyu, Xiyan and Tommie focused on the slope tower, while Eric, Nir, Kevin, Christine focused on the tophill tower.

Qianyu, Tree, Kevin, Christine, Tommie, and George

Eric and Nir

Tommie, Qianyu, Eric and Nir

Kevin, Nir, and Tree

Nir, Tree, Christine, and Kevin

Qianyu

Tree and Nir used grasses to test where a recirculation would be

George, Nir, and Eric

George measured the heights of five levels with Nir

George measured the heights of five levels with Nir

They started taking instruments down after 12:00 PM

George, Tree, Tim, Qianyu, and Tommie

Kevin, Nir, and Eric

George and Tim

George and Tim

On the way back to Queens. Eric drove a van with Qianyu. Tim drove a van himself. George drove a van with students, as well Nir and Tree