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Yi, C., K. J. Davis, B. W. Berger, P. S. Bakwin, Long-term observations  of the dynamics of the continental planetary boundary layer, Journal of  the  Atmospheric Science, 58, 1288-1299, 2001. [Print Version]

Salcido, A., Celada-Murillo, A.-T., Carreón-Sierra, S., Castro, T., Peralta, O., Salcido-González, R.-S., Hernández-Flores, N., Tamayo-Flores, G.-A., Martínez-Flores, M.-A. (2020). Estimations of the Mexicali Valley (Mexico) Mixing Height. Atmosphere,, 11, 505. PDF

Yi, C., K. J. Davis, P. S. Bakwin, A.S. Denning, N. Zhang, A. Desai, J. C. Lin, and C. Gerbig, The observed covariance between ecosystem carbon exchange and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics at a site in northern Wisconsin, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D08302, doi:10.1029/2003JD004164, 2004. [Print Version]

Yi, C., K. J. Davis, P. S. Bakwin, B. W. Berger, and L. Marr,  The influence of advection on measurements of the net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of   CO2 from a very tall tower, Journal of Geophysical Research , 105, 9991-9999, 2000. [Print Version]

Denning, A.S., N. Zhang, C. Yi, M. Branson, K. Davis, J. Kleist, and P. Bakwin, Evaluation of modeled atmospheric boundary layer depth at the WLEF Tower, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, 206-215, 2008. [Print Version]

Bakwin, P.S., K.J. Davis, C. Yi, S.C. Wofsy, J.W. Munger, L. Haszpra and Z. Barcza, Regional carbon dioxide fluxes from mixing ratio data, Tellus 56B, 301-311, 2004. [Print Version]

The correlation between atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics and ecosystem CO2 fluxes is called atmospheric CO2 rectifier forcing. Seasonally atmospheric CO2 rectifier forcing also exists since winter ABL is shallow with positive CO2 fluxes, while summer ABL is deep with negative CO2 fluxes.
   

The CO2-gradient difference predicted by the CO2 transport models between with dynamic ABL and constant ABL from the north pole to the south pole is called the atmospheric CO2 rectifier effect, that is caused by the seasonally atmospheric CO2 rectifier forcing.

The CO2 concentrations at night are very different from level to level and much higher than in daytime due to the ABL is table and strong stratification. The daytime CO2 concentrations are lower and uniform due to deep mixing and photosynthesis.